Red Dragon Fruit Peels: A Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Conditions | InformativeBD

Romulo R. Macadangdang JR,from the different institute of the Philippines. wrote a research article about, Red Dragon Fruit Peels: A Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Conditions. entitled, Red Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus costaricensis) Waste Peels as Corrosion Inhibitor: Adsorption and Thermodynamic Studies in Acidic Environment.This research paper published by the International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).an open access scholarly research journal on Biosciences . under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub. an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Metal corrosion is brought about by the oxidation of atoms on the surface, resulting in irreversible damage to structures at staggering costs. Hence, the search for efficient and cost-effective corrosion inhibitors is relevant. Waste agricultural by-products which have no food or economic value serve as good potential sources for these environmentally benign corrosion inhibitors. Ethanolic extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (RDF) have been previously reported to contain high amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols, which can manifest inhibitory activity against corrosion brought about by aggressive electrolytes. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Selenicereus costaricensis waste peels was tested for its anti-corrosion property using weight loss method. We have also probed its performance as a potential corrosion inhibitor at a range of different temperatures from 303 to 343 K. The calculated inhibition efficiency of 2% RDF was 97%. Thermodynamic studies reveal that increasing inhibitor concentration raises the activation parameters of mild steel in an acidic medium such as activation energy (Ea) and changes in enthalpy (DHo) and entropy (DSo). It was found that the corrosion inhibition process using RDF waste peel extract mainly occurs under diffusion control. Moreover, increased immersion time, inhibitor concentration, and temperature led to increased inhibition efficiency. The spontaneous process (DGoads = -23.47 kJ/mol) of adsorption of RDF on mild steel surfaces obeys the Langmuir isotherm model.

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Introduction

Corrosion is characterized by the degeneration of surfaces in a particular environment or condition (Sedik et al., 2020). In fact, corrosion imposes a global problem where everyone is concerned because it directly affects the big and small companies and economies of countries. This chemical reaction is a combination of oxidation and reduction processes and has various detrimental effects on infrastructure, resources and art and comes with serious financial implications. Metals, such as mild steel, are of huge value in the industry, whether small-scale or largescale and in the household. However, when mild steel is exposed to atmospheric oxygen and numerous gases and chemicals, it tends to corrode, which leads to contamination, safety issues and reduction in efficiency (Prashad et al., 2020). The latter is just an example wherein metal, a non-renewable resource, is wasted, which can even lead to the scarcity of metal someday. The need for a low-cost, environmentfriendly, and efficient corrosion inhibitor should be addressed.

Since corrosion is a natural phenomenon, metals will just corrode over time, especially if they are left without any maintenance, preventive coatings, or corrosion inhibitors. Several corrosion inhibitors such as novel triazole derivatives (Nahle et al.,2021), Schiff base compounds (Al-Amiery et al., 2021), alkylimidazolium ionic liquids (Hajjaji et al., 2021), and macrocylic polyether compounds (Paul et al., 2021), plant extracts (Akinbumulo et al., 2020; Deghani et al., 2020; Ogunleye et al., 2020; Hague et al., 2021) have been reported. Among these known corrosion inhibitors, particular interest is pointed to plant extracts as these require facile and green extraction processes.

Selenicereus contaricensis, locally known as red dragon fruit (RDF) has peels characterized by bright red color and no food value (Fig.1). The bright red pigment in RDF was reported to contain rich phytochemicals such as anthocyanins (Rosiana et al., 2021), flavonoids and polyphenols (Padmavathy et al., 2021), which are known antioxidants. In theory, antioxidants impede the oxidation reaction making this group an excellent choice for corrosion inhibition.

Hence, the goal of this study is to explore the potential of Red Dragon Fruit (RDF) peel ethanolic extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel that was submerged in an acidic medium (1M HCl). 

The corrosion inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate were probed by mass loss measurements. A morphological assessment of mild steel products was done using optical microscopy to compare the surface of bare mild steel coupons and their coated counterparts. In addition, this study also aims to elucidate the thermodynamics and adsorption behavior of the adsorption and corrosion inhibition processes.

Reference

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Akinbulumo OA, Odejobi OJ, Odekanle EL. 2020. Thermodynamics and adsorption study of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Euphorbia heterophylla L. extract in 1.5​ M HCl. Results in Materials 5, 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2020.100074

Al-Amiery A, Salman TA, Alazawi KF, Shaker LM, Kadhum AA, Takriff MS. 2020. Quantum chemical elucidation on corrosion inhibition efficiency of Schiff base: DFT investigations supported by weight loss and SEM techniques. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technology 15(2), 202-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz074

Al Maofaria A, Doucha S, Benmessaouda M, Hajjaji SE, Mosaddak M, Ouaki B. 2021. Inhibition Study of Various Extracts of Tribulus Terrestris Plant on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in a 1.0 M HCl Solution. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta. 39(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.202101021

Bayol E, Gürten AA, Dursun M, Kayakirilmaz K. 2008. Adsorption behavior and inhibition corrosion effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on mild steel in acidic medium. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 24(12), 2236-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-1508(08)60085-6

Dehghani A, Bahlakeh G, Ramezanzadeh B, Ramezanzadeh M. 2020. Potential role of a novel green eco-friendly inhibitor in corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl solution: Detailed macro/micro-scale experimental and computational explorations. Construction and Building Materials 245, 118464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118464

El Hamdani N, Fdil R, Tourabi M, Jama C, Bentiss F. 2015. Alkaloids extract of Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. seeds used as novel eco-friendly inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution: Electrochemical and surface studies. Applied Surface Science 357, 1294-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.159

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Hajjaji FE, Salim R, Taleb M, Benhiba F, Rezki N, Chauhan DS, Quraishi MA. 2021. Pyridinium-based ionic liquids as novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in molar hydrochloric acid: Experimental & computational approach. Surfaces & Interfaces 22, 100881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100881

Haque J, Verma C, Srivastava V, Nik WW. 2021. Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M HCl using environmentally benign Thevetia peruviana flower extracts. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 19, 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2020.100354

Jyothi S, Rao YS, Ratnakumar PS. 2019. Natural product as corrosion inhibitors in various corrosive media: a review. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 12(2), 537-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2019.1225000

Kavitha N, Kathiravan S, Jyothi S, Murugesh A, Ravichandran J. 2019. Adsorption and inhibitive properties of methanol extract of Leucas aspera leaves for the corrosion of mild steel in HCl medium. Journal of Bio-and Tribo-Corrosion 5(2), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-019-0244-6

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Nahlé A, Salim R, El Hajjaji F, Aouad MR, Messali M, Ech-Chihbi E, Hammouti B, Taleb M. 2021.Novel triazole derivatives as ecological corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl: experimental & theoretical approach. RSC Advances 11(7), 4147-62. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA09679B

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Source: Red Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus costaricensis) Waste Peels as Corrosion Inhibitor: Adsorption and Thermodynamic Studies in Acidic Environment 

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Orange Peel-Chitosan: Dye Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions | InformativeBD

SP. Manobala , S. Amutha, G. Sabeena, E. Amutha1, M. Sharmila and S. Rajaduraipandian from the different institute of the india, wrote a research article about, Orange Peel-Chitosan: Dye Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions, entitled, "Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies".This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This research focused on the development of adsorbents based on cheap, abundant, and locally available agricultural wastes in Tamil Nadu to adsorb dye from an aqueous solution. The goal of this study was to explore if chitosan-modified orange peel could be utilized as an adsorbent to remove colours from wastewater and if it could be employed as a traditional wastewater treatment approach in the textile sector. Using agricultural peel in decolouration technology has a lot of potential in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Super nanocomposite is made from orange peel waste combined with chitosan nanoparticles. The purpose of this batch adsorption experiment was to determine the effects of adsorbent dosages, pH, and temperature on dye adsorption from wastewater. The experiment showed that the maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 53.3mg/g at pH 6.9 with a Temperature (of 600 C) and the adsorbent dose amount of adsorbent was 1.0g/L. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was used to investigate the equilibrium adsorption behaviour. The usage of orange peel with Nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from solutions was demonstrated in this work. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in orange peels, chitosan, chitosan orange peel, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with orange peel waste were identified using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Different types of Langmuir I, Langmuir II, Langmuir III, Langmuir IV, and the Freundlich model as adsorption isotherm models were investigated.

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Introduction

Annual production of textile dyes is estimated to be over 8×105 tonnes of which 10% are discharged aseffluents (Zollinger, 1987). The release of these dyesin the water stream is aesthetically undesirable andhas a serious environmental impact. Due to their intense colour, they reduce sunlight transmission into water hence affecting aquatic plants, which ultimately disturbs the aquatic ecosystem; in addition, they are toxic to humans also. The printing and textile industry mainly contribute to the discharge of dyeeffluent and the governments of different countries have enacted strict rules controlling the discharge of waste. To minimize pollution, manufacturers and government officials are seeking for solutions to tackle the problem efficiently. People are looking for a system that can remove most of the colour and generate reusable water from the effluent. Synthetic dyes are resistant to biological treatment and can produce harmful by-products during hydrolysis, oxidation, or other chemical reactions taking place in the wastewater (Li et al., 2007). Traditional techniques such as carbon adsorption and coagulation by chemical agents are non-destructive and simply transfer the contaminant from water to another phase. A low-cost complete mineralization process for the azo dyes would find extensive use for the treatment of large volumes of waste water generated from the textile industry. There are several methods for dye removal which include chemical coagulation, flocculation, chemical oxidation, photochemical degradation, membrane filtration, and aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation but all of these methods suffer from one or other limitations, and none of them were successful in completely removing the colour from wastewater. Dyes can be effectively removed by the adsorption process; in which dissolved dye compounds attach themselves to the surface of adsorbents (Slokar et al., 1997; Neil etal., 1999; Dizge et al., 2008).

The adsorption process/technique is widely used in the removal of contaminants from waste water. Liquid–solid adsorption operations are concerned with the ability of certain solids to preferentially concentrate specific substances from solution on to their surfaces (Chen et al., 2007). This promoted search for an alternative cost-effective adsorbent. Recently different low-cost adsorbents including some industrial and agricultural wastes (GordanMcKay et al., 1985; Namasivayam et al., 2001;Netpradit et al.,2003; Gordan McKay et al., 1980;Namasivayam et al., 1992; Namasivayam et al., 1996;McKay et al., 1986) such as fly ash, fuller’s earth, waste red mud, bentonite clay, metal hydroxidesludge, peat, pith, cotton waste, rice husk, teak woodbark, etc. have been used but their effectiveness is limited and inferior to that of activated carbon. Adsorption has been extensively used in industrial processes for either separation or purification. Most conventional adsorption plants use activated carbon, which is an expensive material. Besides, there is growing interest in searching for cheaper sources a slow-cost adsorbent materials for the adsorption of dyes such as coir pith, sugar cane dust, sawdust, and activated carbon fibers ( Janos et al., 2003;Viraraghavan et al., 1999; Acemioglu et al., 2004;Mohan et al., 2002; Al-Qodah, 2000 ) industrial solid wastes: fly ash, shale oil ash, and so on.

Currently, traditional solutions for orange peel waste management (landfilling, composting, pectinextraction, animal feeding) are not economically attractive, since they present many draw backs. Traditional handling techniques are either note conomically attractive or discouraged by European policy. As an alternative to these technologies, other saimed at recovering energy and resources are currently receiving increasing attention. The consequential life cycle assessment adopted in this work compares the environmental performance of tenorange peel waste management scenarios ( Yoo et al.,2011) orange peel waste use adsorption studies for there moval of dyes from Industrial Effluents. Chitosan isa polysaccharide that is a chitin chemical derivative. Chitin has been isolated from mollusks, crabs, prawns, shrimp, crayfish, and lobsters, among othe rinvertebrates. Chitins are polymers made up of a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose disaccharide connected by a (1-4) bond. Deacetylation of chitin with sufficient acetyl glucosamine units revealed chitosan. Chitosan has thus found its way into a variety of applications, including adsorption, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biosensors, and wound dressings.

The adsorption ability of methylene blue dye utilizingorange peel with chitosan nanocomposite as anadsorbent from aqueous solutions was investigated inthis study. Under equilibrium settings, the effects ofdoses, pH, and temperature on the orange peel withchitosan nanocomposite were examined.
The adsorption equilibrium data are used to evaluatethe rate-limiting step of methylene blue adsorptionsonto orange peel with chitosan nanocomposite. Theexperimental data were computed using both theLangmuir (Different Types) and Freundlichadsorption isotherms.

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Source: Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies  

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