Orange Peel-Chitosan: Dye Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions | InformativeBD

SP. Manobala , S. Amutha, G. Sabeena, E. Amutha1, M. Sharmila and S. Rajaduraipandian from the different institute of the india, wrote a research article about, Orange Peel-Chitosan: Dye Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions, entitled, "Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies".This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences | INNSpub, an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

This research focused on the development of adsorbents based on cheap, abundant, and locally available agricultural wastes in Tamil Nadu to adsorb dye from an aqueous solution. The goal of this study was to explore if chitosan-modified orange peel could be utilized as an adsorbent to remove colours from wastewater and if it could be employed as a traditional wastewater treatment approach in the textile sector. Using agricultural peel in decolouration technology has a lot of potential in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Super nanocomposite is made from orange peel waste combined with chitosan nanoparticles. The purpose of this batch adsorption experiment was to determine the effects of adsorbent dosages, pH, and temperature on dye adsorption from wastewater. The experiment showed that the maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 53.3mg/g at pH 6.9 with a Temperature (of 600 C) and the adsorbent dose amount of adsorbent was 1.0g/L. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was used to investigate the equilibrium adsorption behaviour. The usage of orange peel with Nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from solutions was demonstrated in this work. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in orange peels, chitosan, chitosan orange peel, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with orange peel waste were identified using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Different types of Langmuir I, Langmuir II, Langmuir III, Langmuir IV, and the Freundlich model as adsorption isotherm models were investigated.

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Introduction

Annual production of textile dyes is estimated to be over 8×105 tonnes of which 10% are discharged aseffluents (Zollinger, 1987). The release of these dyesin the water stream is aesthetically undesirable andhas a serious environmental impact. Due to their intense colour, they reduce sunlight transmission into water hence affecting aquatic plants, which ultimately disturbs the aquatic ecosystem; in addition, they are toxic to humans also. The printing and textile industry mainly contribute to the discharge of dyeeffluent and the governments of different countries have enacted strict rules controlling the discharge of waste. To minimize pollution, manufacturers and government officials are seeking for solutions to tackle the problem efficiently. People are looking for a system that can remove most of the colour and generate reusable water from the effluent. Synthetic dyes are resistant to biological treatment and can produce harmful by-products during hydrolysis, oxidation, or other chemical reactions taking place in the wastewater (Li et al., 2007). Traditional techniques such as carbon adsorption and coagulation by chemical agents are non-destructive and simply transfer the contaminant from water to another phase. A low-cost complete mineralization process for the azo dyes would find extensive use for the treatment of large volumes of waste water generated from the textile industry. There are several methods for dye removal which include chemical coagulation, flocculation, chemical oxidation, photochemical degradation, membrane filtration, and aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation but all of these methods suffer from one or other limitations, and none of them were successful in completely removing the colour from wastewater. Dyes can be effectively removed by the adsorption process; in which dissolved dye compounds attach themselves to the surface of adsorbents (Slokar et al., 1997; Neil etal., 1999; Dizge et al., 2008).

The adsorption process/technique is widely used in the removal of contaminants from waste water. Liquid–solid adsorption operations are concerned with the ability of certain solids to preferentially concentrate specific substances from solution on to their surfaces (Chen et al., 2007). This promoted search for an alternative cost-effective adsorbent. Recently different low-cost adsorbents including some industrial and agricultural wastes (GordanMcKay et al., 1985; Namasivayam et al., 2001;Netpradit et al.,2003; Gordan McKay et al., 1980;Namasivayam et al., 1992; Namasivayam et al., 1996;McKay et al., 1986) such as fly ash, fuller’s earth, waste red mud, bentonite clay, metal hydroxidesludge, peat, pith, cotton waste, rice husk, teak woodbark, etc. have been used but their effectiveness is limited and inferior to that of activated carbon. Adsorption has been extensively used in industrial processes for either separation or purification. Most conventional adsorption plants use activated carbon, which is an expensive material. Besides, there is growing interest in searching for cheaper sources a slow-cost adsorbent materials for the adsorption of dyes such as coir pith, sugar cane dust, sawdust, and activated carbon fibers ( Janos et al., 2003;Viraraghavan et al., 1999; Acemioglu et al., 2004;Mohan et al., 2002; Al-Qodah, 2000 ) industrial solid wastes: fly ash, shale oil ash, and so on.

Currently, traditional solutions for orange peel waste management (landfilling, composting, pectinextraction, animal feeding) are not economically attractive, since they present many draw backs. Traditional handling techniques are either note conomically attractive or discouraged by European policy. As an alternative to these technologies, other saimed at recovering energy and resources are currently receiving increasing attention. The consequential life cycle assessment adopted in this work compares the environmental performance of tenorange peel waste management scenarios ( Yoo et al.,2011) orange peel waste use adsorption studies for there moval of dyes from Industrial Effluents. Chitosan isa polysaccharide that is a chitin chemical derivative. Chitin has been isolated from mollusks, crabs, prawns, shrimp, crayfish, and lobsters, among othe rinvertebrates. Chitins are polymers made up of a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose disaccharide connected by a (1-4) bond. Deacetylation of chitin with sufficient acetyl glucosamine units revealed chitosan. Chitosan has thus found its way into a variety of applications, including adsorption, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biosensors, and wound dressings.

The adsorption ability of methylene blue dye utilizingorange peel with chitosan nanocomposite as anadsorbent from aqueous solutions was investigated inthis study. Under equilibrium settings, the effects ofdoses, pH, and temperature on the orange peel withchitosan nanocomposite were examined.
The adsorption equilibrium data are used to evaluatethe rate-limiting step of methylene blue adsorptionsonto orange peel with chitosan nanocomposite. Theexperimental data were computed using both theLangmuir (Different Types) and Freundlichadsorption isotherms.

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Source: Adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions by orange peel with Chitosan nanocomposite: Equilibrium studies