Enhancing Green Gram: Induced Mutagenesis Study | InformativeBD

V. Prabakaran, P. Manivel, S. Parvathi, and S. Palanivel from the different institute of the india, wrote a research article about, Enhancing Green Gram: Induced Mutagenesis Study, entitled, "Induced mutagenesis in Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)".This research paper published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES, an open access scholarly research journal on Biodiversity, under the affiliation of the International Network For Natural Sciences |INNSpub, an open access multidisciplinary research journal publisher.

Abstract

Induced mutagenesis was carried out in an important protein rich pulse crop (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). The seeds of green gram variety Co-6 were treated with different concentrations of sodium azide. The mutagen treated seeds were sown in the field to observe M1 characteristics. The sodium azide treated seeds were subjected to amino acid analysis. Totally 19 amino acids were recorded in control and sodium azide treated samples. In the process of sodium azide treatments a few amino acids were increased and some amino acids were decreased than control. The M1 parameters such as germination and survival percentage, plant height, days taken for flowering, number of pods/plant, length of pods, number of seeds/pod and hundred seeds weight were decreased with increasing concentrations sodium azide and all the growth parameters showed negative trend when compared to control. The M1 seeds were collected separately based on concentrations of sodium azide and stored for raising next generation after the harvest. The M1 seeds were sown in the field to raise M2 generation, and in M2 population, the different types of chlorophyll and viablemutants were noticed, such as chlorina, xantha, viridis, and viable mutants such as tall, dwarf, leaf, pod and early flowering mutants were noticed in various treatments of sodium azide. In addition with chlorophyll and viable mutants several initial leaflet modifications like trifoliate, tetrafoliate and pentafoliate leaflets had been observed in mutagenic treatment with sodium azide. The present study is a basis for evolving mutant varieties in green gram with altered agronomic traits.

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Introduction

Green gram or mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crops in India and cultivated in different parts of the world. Protein rich edible seeds, sprouts rich in vitamins and amino acids are used directly and apart from this the crop is widely used as forage. However, the productivity and quality of the grain is severely reduced due to different stress factors in general. Despite its great economic importance a little information regarding its degree of stress tolerance is available through conventional studies, although yield losses are considerable when subjected to different stress conditions (Kaviraj et al., 2006).

Several biotic and abiotic factors as well as low genetic variability are supposed to be responsible for lowering the production of this important crop. During different stages of growing seasons, the loss exceed more than 50% due to incidence of many pests and diseases (Poehlman et al., 1991). 

Induced mutagenesis is one of the traditional breeding methods in plant breeding. It is related with various fields like, morphology, cytogenetic, biotechnology and molecular biology etc. (Acharya et al., 2006). Induced mutations are highly effective in enhancing natural genetic resources and have been used in developing improved cultivars of cereals, fruits and other crops (Lee et al., 2002). These mutations provide beneficial variations for practical plant breeding purpose. In the past seven decades, more thousands of mutant varieties have been officially released in the world (Maluszynski et al., 2000). 

Sodium azide (SA-NaN3) is an ionic compound and its mutagenicity is interceded through a natural metabolite (undifferentiated from L-azidoalanine) of the azide compound produced by Oacetylserinesulfhydrylase catalyst (Gruszka et al., 2012). It is a chemical mutagen and it’s one of the most useful mutagens in crop plants. The mutagenesis is mediated through the production of an organic metabolic of azide compound. This metabolic enters into the nucleus, interacts to DNA and creates point mutation in the genome. Several factors influenced the effect of mutagens such as properties of mutagens, duration of treatment, pH, pre and post treatment, temperature and oxygen concentrations etc. (Gehan et al., 2011).

The mutant plants formed by the application of sodium azide are able to withstand a range of unfavorable conditions and have enhanced yields, improved stress tolerance, longer shelf life and reduced agronomic input in comparison to a normal plant (Ahloowalia et al., 2002). 

Like this, several authors carried out induced mutagenic studies in [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] using physical and chemical mutagenic agents. (Wani et al., 2017; Deswanjee et al., 2018; Sofia et al., 2020; Das et al., 2020; Amol et al., 2021). 

The production of new cultivar with enhanced amount of nutrients, tolerance to drought and salinity is still needed for this important legume crop. The main objective of the present part of the research work is to find out the effect of sodium azide on M1 and M2 generation of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. It is useful to carry out mutation breeding studies to obtain mutant varieties.

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Source: Induced mutagenesis in Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)